Acuity (macular vision): 6m from Snellen chart. Obscure each eye
in turn. Top line can be read by somone w normal vision at 60m: i.e.
they can read at 6m what they should be able to read at 60m (6/60
vision.) Lines: 60, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6. For acuities worse than 6/60
can bring pt forward (eg. 3/60). If pt sees less than
6/6±glasses use pin hole: if improves this eliminates pathology.
Visual fields
External examination: Lids (symmetrical, ptosis, spasm,
inflammation, swelling), Conjunctiva (inflammation, discharge), Cornea
(w torch examine opacity, oedema. Use fluorescein for abrasion,
ulcers), Ant chamber (cloudy in ant uveitis, pus, blood post injury),
Pupils (PERLA: Pupils Equal, Reacting to Light & Accomodation),
Lens (pupil is black)
Movements + diplopia
Ophathalmoscopy: Darken room, remove glasses, dial lens to
correct error (- corrects myopia), same eye→same eye, consider
using mydriatic to dilate
Red reflex: red glow from choroid in normal eye (-ve in cataracts, intraocular haemmorhage)
